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GABON.CRD
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#CARD:Gabon:Geography
#WORD 42 68 172 171 0
Gabon Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\GABON.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator between
the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Map references:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
267,670 sq km
land area:
257,670 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Colorado
Land boundaries:
total 2,551 km, Cameroon 298 km, Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350
km
Coastline:
885 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed
sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay
Climate:
tropical; always hot, humid
Terrain:
narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Natural resources:
petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore
Land use:
arable land:
1%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
18%
forest and woodland:
78%
other:
2%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation; poaching
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands; signed,
but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
#CARD:Gabon:People
People
Population:
1,139,006 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.46% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
28.46 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
13.9 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
94.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
54.67 years
male:
51.88 years
female:
57.53 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.97 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective:
Gabonese
Ethnic divisions:
Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira,
Bapounou, Bateke), Africans and Europeans 100,000, including 27,000
French
Religions:
Christian 55-75%, Muslim less than 1%, animist
Languages:
French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
61%
male:
74%
female:
48%
Labor force:
120,000 salaried
by occupation:
agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%,
government 2.5%
note:
58% of population of working age (1983)
#CARD:Gabon:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Gabonese Republic
conventional short form:
local long form:
Republique Gabonaise
local short form:
Digraph:
GB
Type:
republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized
1990)
Capital:
Libreville
Administrative divisions:
9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga,
Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem
Independence:
17 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Renovation Day, 12 March (1968) (Gabonese Democratic Party
established)
Constitution:
adopted 14 March 1991
Legal system:
based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of
legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court;
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967); election last
held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - President
Omar BONGO was reelected with 51% of the vote
head of government:
Prime Minister Casimir OYE-MBA (since 3 May 1990)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation
with the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral
National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale):
elections last held on 21 and 28 October and 4 November 1990 (next to
be held by NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120
total) PDG 62, Morena-Bucherons/RNB 19, PGP 18, National Recovery
Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders:
Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG, former sole party), Jaques ADIAHENOT,
Secretary General; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks
(Morena-Bucherons/RNB), Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE, leader; Gabonese Party
for Progress (PGP), Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, President; National
Recovery Movement (Morena-Original), Pierre ZONGUE-NGUEMA, Chairman;
Association for Socialism in Gabon (APSG), leader NA; Gabonese
Socialist Union (USG), leader NA; Circle for Renewal and Progress
(CRP), leader NA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), leader
NA; Rally of Democrats (RD), leader NA; Forces of Change for
Democratic Union, leader NA
Member of:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS (associate), NAM, OAU,
OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA
chancery:
2034 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
(202) 797-1000
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph C. WILSON IV
embassy:
Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville
mailing address:
B. P. 4000, Libreville
telephone:
(241) 762003/4, or 743492
FAX:
[241] 745-507
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue
#CARD:Gabon:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a
per capita income more than twice that of most nations of sub-Saharan
Africa. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was
discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts
for 50% of GNP. Real growth was feeble in 1992 and Gabon continues to
face weak prices for its timber, manganese, and uranium exports.
Despite an abundance of natural wealth, and a manageable rate of
population growth, the economy is hobbled by poor fiscal management.
In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed
to settled arrears on its bilateral debt, leading to a cancellation of
rescheduling agreements with official and private creditors.
Devaluation of the local currency by 50% in January 1994 could set off
an inflationary spiral if the government fails to reign in spending
and grants large wage increases to an already overpaid public sector
workforce.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $5.4 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
0.5% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
$4,800 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.7% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$1.3 billion
expenditures:
$1.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $272 million (1992
est.)
Exports:
$2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est)
commodities:
crude oil 80%, timber 9%, manganese 7%, uranium 2%
partners:
France 48%, US 15%, Germany 2%, Japan 2%
Imports:
$702 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities:
foodstuffs, chemical products, petroleum products, construction
materials, manufactures, machinery
partners:
France 64%, African countries 7%, US 5%, Japan 3%
External debt:
$4.4 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
growth rate -10% (1988 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP, including
petroleum
Electricity:
capacity:
315,000 kW
production:
995 million kWh
consumption per capita:
920 kWh (1991)
Industries:
petroleum, food and beverages, lumbering and plywood, textiles, mining
- manganese, uranium, gold, cement
Agriculture:
accounts for 9% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); cash crops -
cocoa, coffee, palm oil; livestock not developed; importer of food;
small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons;
okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber product
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $68 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90),
$2.342 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $27 million
Currency:
1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05
(January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26
(1990), 319.01 (1989)
note:
beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per
French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948
Fiscal year:
calendar year
#CARD:Gabon:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
649 km 1.437-meter standard-gauge single track (Transgabonese
Railroad)
Highways:
total:
7,500 km
paved:
560 km
unpaved:
crushed stone 960 km; earth 5,980 km
Inland waterways:
1,600 km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km
Ports:
Owendo, Port-Gentil, Libreville
Merchant marine:
2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,562 GRT/25,330 DWT
Airports:
total:
70
usable:
59
with permanent-surface runways:
10
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
22
Telecommunications:
adequate system of cable, radio relay, tropospheric scatter links and
radiocommunication stations; 15,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 6
AM, 6 FM, 3 (5 repeaters) TV; satellite earth stations - 3 Atlantic
Ocean INTELSAT and 12 domestic satellite
#CARD:Gabon:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie,
National Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 270,501; fit for military service 136,995; reach
military age (20) annually 10,107 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $102 million, 3.2% of GDP (1990 est.)
GABON.0